Nevada Mojave vegetation codes by cover-type. Cover-Type categories are listed by principle species which define the cover-type. Landscape scale cover-type mapping includes many prevalent primary associated species which can substantially occur as part of the cover-type in localized areas. This is not intended to be a complete species list, but rather an overview of the most common species associated with each cover-type. General descriptions of each cover-type are in bold type. Cover-types are listed in numeric order of codes as found in the digital data set. 1. WATER - Open water 2. BARREN - Barren soil or rock with less than 5 percent total vegetative cover. 3. BRISTLECONE 1 - Conifer forest principally dominated by bristlecone pine Pinus aristata at canopies less than 30 percent. Primary associated tree species include limber pine Pinus flexilis, engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii, white fir Abies concolor, and ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa. 4. BRISTLECONE 2 - Conifer forest principally dominated by bristlecone pine Pinus aristata at canopies from 30-60 percent. Primary associated tree species include limber pine Pinus flexilis, engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii, white fir Abies concolor, and ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa. 5. WHITE FIR 1 - Conifer forest principally dominated by white fir Abies concolor at canopies less than 30 percent. Primary associated tree species include ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, pinyon Pinus monophylla, engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii, limber pine Pinus flexilis and bristlecone pine Pinus aristata. 6. WHITE FIR 2 - Conifer forest principally dominated by white fir Abies concolor at canopies from 30-60 percent. Primary associated tree species include ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, pinyon Pinus monophylla, engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii, limber pine Pinus flexilis and bristlecone pine Pinus aristata. 7. PINYON 1 - Conifer woodland principally dominated by pinyon Pinus monophylla at canopies less than 30 percent. Primary associated tree species include juniper Juniperus osteosperma., ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, white fir Abies concolor, and mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated shrub species include oak Quercus gambelii, alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus, cliffrose Cowania mexicana, manzanita Arctostaphylos patula, shrub live oak Quercus turbinella and sagebrush Artemisia spp.. 8. PINYON 2 - Conifer forest principally dominated by pinyon Pinus monophylla at canopies from 30-60 percent Primary associated tree species include juniper Juniperus osteosperma., ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, white fir Abies concolor, and mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated shrub species include oak Quercus gambelii, alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus, cliffrose Cowania mexicana, manzanita Arctostaphylos patula, shrub live oak Quercus turbinella and sagebrush Artemisia spp.. 9. JUNIPER 1 - Conifer woodland principally dominated by juniper Juniperus osteosperma at canopies less than 30 percent. Primary associated tree species include pinyon Pinus monophylla. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp. and blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima. 10. JUNIPER 2 - Conifer woodland principally dominated by juniper Juniperus osteosperma at canopies from 30- 60 percent. Primary associated tree species include pinyon Pinus monophylla. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp. and blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima. 11. PINYON-JUNIPER 1 - Conifer woodland principally co-dominated by pinyon Pinus monophylla and juniper Juniperus osteosperma at canopies less than 30 percent. Primary associated tree species include mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp., oak Quercus gambelii, alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus, and cliffrose Cowania mexicana. 12. PINYON-JUNIPER 2 - Conifer woodland principally co-dominated by pinyon Pinus monophylla and juniper Juniperus osteosperma at canopies from 30-60 percent. Primary associated tree species include mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp., oak Quercus gambelii, alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus, and cliffrose Cowania mexicana. 13. MOJAVE MIXED SCRUB - Mojave desert mixed scrublands usually characterized by the occurrence of creosote Larrea tridentata, in association with several possible species including bursage Ambrosia dumosa, dalea Psorothamnus fremontii, desert thorn Lycium spp., shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, hopsage Grayia spinosa, ratany Krameriaceae parvifollia and tea Ephedra spp.. This cover-type typically occurs on slopes, washes or upland areas. Primary associated shrub species include blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima, brittlebrush Encelia farinosa, burro bush Hymenoclea salsola, bebbia Bebbia juncea, desert saltbush Atriplex polycarpa and desert holly Atriplex hymenelytra. Other associated species include joshua tree Yucca brevifolia., yucca Yucca spp., cacti Echinocereus spp. and cholla Opuntia biglovii. 14. CREOSOTE-BURSAGE - Shrubland principally dominated by creosote Larrea tridentata and white bursage Ambrosia dumosa, typically occuring in valley bottoms, lowlands and flatlands of mild slope. Primary associated shrub species include blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima, mormon tea Ephedra spp., dalea Dalea fremonti, shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, hopsage Grayia spinosa, desert thorn Lycium spp., ratany Krameriaceae parvifollia, burro bush Hymenoclea salsola, honey mesquite Prosopis glandulosa and brittlebush Encelia farinosa. Other associated species include joshua tree Yucca brevifolia, yucca Yucca spp., prickly pear Opuntia engelmannii and cholla. 15. BLACKBRUSH - Shrubland principally dominated by blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima, occuring in mojave desert trainsition areas. Primary associated tree species include juniper Juniperus osteosperma. Primary associated shrub species include spiny hopsage Grayia spinosa, mormon tea Ephedra spp., shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, desert thorn Lycium spp., snakeweed Xanthocephalum spp., and creosote Larrea tridentata. Other associated species include joshua tree Yucca brevifolia, and yucca Yucca spp.. 16. SALT DESERT SCRUB - Shrublands principally dominated by one or more of the following; shadscale atriplex confertifolia, desert holly Atriplex hymenelytra, torrey saltbush Atriplex torreyi, winterfat Ceratoides lanata, budsage Artemesia spinescens, fourwing saltbush Atriplex canescens, mormon tea Ephedra spp., horsebrush Tetradymia canescens and snakeweed Gutierrezia sarothrae. This is a broad class which can occur in a variety of physiographic areas. Primary associated shrub species include greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus, sagebrush Artemisia spp. blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima, iodine bush Allenrolfea occidentalis and creosote Larrea tridentata. Primary associated forb species includes halogeten Halogeten glomeratus. Primary associated grass species include saltgrass Distichlis spicata. 17. SAGEBRUSH - Shrubland principally dominated by big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata, black sagebrush Artemisia nova, low sagebrush Artemisia arbuscula or silver sagebrush Artemisia cana. Primary associated tree species include juniper juniperus osteosperma ., pinyon pinus monophylla., mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius and ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa. Primary associated shrub species include rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp., snakeweed Gutierrezia sarothrae, blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima, shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, spiny hopsage Grayia spinosa, and bitterbrush Purshia tridentata. 18. PONDEROSA PINE 1 - Conifer woodland principally dominated by ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa at canopies less than 30 percent, and usually containing a significant understory of shrubs. Primary associated tree species include pinyon Pinus monophylla, juniper juniperus osteosperma, white fir Abies concolor, limber pine Pinus flexilis ,mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius and bristlecone pine Pinus aristata. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp., oak Quercus gambelii, alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, snowberry Symphoricarpos spp., manzanita Arctostaphylos spp. and littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus. 19. PONDEROSA PINE 2 - Conifer forest principally dominated by ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa at canopies from 30-60 percent. Primary associated tree species include pinyon Pinus monophylla, juniper juniperus osteosperma, white fir Abies concolor, limber pine Pinus flexilis ,mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius and bristlecone pine Pinus aristata. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp., oak Quercus gambelii, alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, snowberry Symphoricarpos spp., manzanita Arctostaphylos spp. and littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus. 21. MOJAVE RIPARIAN - Riparian areas generally lower than 4000 feet. Principal woody species include fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii, salt cedar Tamarix pentandra, velvet ash Fraxinus velutina, desert willow Chilopsis linearis and mesquite Prosopsis glandulosa. 22. MOUNTAIN SHRUB - Deciduous shrubland principally dominated by oak Quercus spp., maple Acer spp., alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, cliffrose Cowania mexicana, bitterbrush Purshia tridentata, serviceberry Amelanchier spp., buckbrush Ceanothus spp.,, snowberry Symphoricarpos spp., manzanita Arctostaphylos spp. and littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus . Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp.. Primary associated tree species include pinyon Pinus monophylla, juniper juniperus osteosperma, mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius, aspen Populus tremuloides and ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa 23. MOUNTAIN SAGEBRUSH - Mountain shrubland dominated or co-dominated by sagebrush Artemisia spp., in concert with mountain shrubs, grasses and forbs. Primary associated tree species include pinyon pinus monophylla., mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius, limber pine Pinus flexilis, white fir Abies concolor and ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa. Primary associated shrub species include snowberry Symphoricarpos spp., alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, bitterbrush Purshia tridentata, littleleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus intricatus and cliffrose Cowania mexicana . 24. ALPINE - High elevation tundra vegetation, including forbs, sedges, grasses and shrubs. Principle species include forbs; alpine avens Geum rossii, Silene acaulis, Eriogonum spp., Draba spp., sedges; Carex spp., grasses; tufted hair grass Deschampsia caespitosa, Trisetum spicatum, Agropyron scribneri, Festuca ovina, Phleum alpinum, and shrubs: willow Salix spp.. Primary associated tree species include limber pine Pinus flexilis and bristlecone pine Pinus aristata. 25. HOPSAGE - Mojave-Great Basin transition shrublands charactarized by the occurrence of hopsage Grayia spinosa, typically in concert with desert thorn Lycium spp, rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp., tea Ephedra spp. and shadscale Atriplex confertifolia. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp. blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima, rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp., winterfat Ceratoides lanata, ratany Krameriaceae parvifollia, bursage Ambrosia dumosa and creosote Larrea tridentata. 26. SAGEBRUSH/PERENNIAL GRASS - Co-dominate sagebrush Artemisia spp. shrubland and perennial grassland. Typically occuring mid-elevation between sagebrush and mountain sagebrush cover-types. Principle grass species include wheatgrasses Agropyron spp., bluegrasses Poa spp., Needlegrasses Stipa spp. Fescues Festuca spp., and galleta Hilaria jamesii. Primary associated shrub species include rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp., bitterbrush Purshia tridentata and cliffrose Cowania mexicana. Primary associated grass species include cheatgrass Bromus tectorum. 27. GRASSLAND - Perennial and annual grasslands. Principle perennial grass species include wheatgrasses Agropyron spp., bluegrass Poa spp., basin wildrye Elymus cinereus, galleta Hilaria spp., needlegrass Stipa spp., sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus, blue gramma Bouteloua gracilis, squirreltail Sitanion hystrix and indian ricegrass Oryzopsis hymenoides. Principle annual grass species include cheatgrass Bromus tectorum. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp., shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus and creosote Larrea tridentata. Primary associated tree species include juniper Juniperus spp.. 29. GREASEWOOD - Shrubland principally dominated by greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Primary associated shrub species include shadscale Atriplex confertifolia and iodine bush Allenrolfea occidentalis. Other associated species include seepweed Suaeda torreyana and halogeten Halogeten glomeratus. 30. PLAYAS - Barren internal basin floors which can ocasionally be covered by water. 32. SAND DUNES - Sand dunes with less than 5 percent total vegetative cover. 33. ASH - Woodland dominated by velvet ash Fraxinus velutina and screwbean Prosopis pubescens. This cover- type is only found in the vicinty of Ash Meadows. Primary associated shrub species includes Baccharis emoryi. 34. SHALLOW WATER - Open water with depth typically less than 5 feet. 35. MESQUITE - Shrubland dominated by mesquite Prosopsis glandulosa. Primary associated shrub species include salt cedar Tamarix pentandra, torrey saltbush Atriplex torreyi and creosote Larrea tridentata. 36. ASPEN 2 - Deciduous forest principally dominated by quaking aspen Populus tremuloides at canopies of 30-60 percent. Primary associated conifer species include spruce; Picea engelmannii fir; Abies concolor and pine; Pinus aristata and Pinus ponderosa. Primary associated shrub species include snowberry Symphoricarpos spp. and serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia. 37. ASPEN 3 - Deciduous forest principally dominated by quaking aspen Populus tremuloides at canopies greater than 60 percent. Primary associated conifer species include spruce; Picea engelmannii fir; Abies concolor and pine; Pinus aristata and Pinus ponderosa. Primary associated shrub species include snowberry Symphoricarpos spp. and serviceberry Amelanchieralnifolia. 39. AGRICULTURE - Row crops, irrigated pasture and hay fields, dry farm crops. 40. URBAN - Commercial, mining and residential areas. 41. BRISTECONE3 - Conifer forest principally dominated by bristlecone pine Pinus aristata at canopies greater than 60 percent. Primary associated tree species include limber pine Pinus flexilis, engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii, white fir Abies concolor, and ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa. 42. WHITE FIR3 - Conifer forest principally dominated by white fir Abies concolor at canopies greater than 60 percent. Primary associated tree species include ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, pinyon Pinus monophylla, engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii, limber pine Pinus flexilis and bristlecone pine Pinus aristata. 43. WETLAND - Low elevation marsh and wetland areas. Principal species include cattail Typha latifolia, bullrush Scirpus spp. and sedge Carex spp.. 44. MOUNTAIN RIPARIAN - Riparian areas generally above 4400 feet. Principal woody species include willow Salix spp. , narrowleaf cottonwood Populus angustifolia, thinleaf alder Alnus tenuifolia, water birch Betula occidentalis, black hawthorn Crataegus douglasii, rocky mountain maple Acer glabrum, red-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera and wild rose Rosa woodsii.